The Red Death essays

The Red Death essays The night was coming and the Red Death had already been there and tormented the town. Many where lying on the streets breathing their last breathe. Prince Prospero brought all whom where well in to his castle and locked and welded up the gates and doors so no one could infect them with this tragedy. He had food and wine and dancing for all in his layer, and had evaded the Red Death from following them in. Prince Prospero had seven rooms for the party each with there own color. There was blue, purple, green, orange, white, violet, and black. In each room the windows, carpets, and shades where all the same color. Prince Prospero had an interest in bizarre pieces of art so it is surrounds the rooms. He also owned a huge Grandfather Clock that chimes very loudly on ever hour. The party was filled with music, laughter, food and wine. At every hour the clock would chime. Five times at five oclock, six times at six oclock and so on. All the dancers and music would stop and everyone would license to the chimes like a spell had over taken them. At twelve oclock the clock chimed again and seemed to take forever for the clock to chime twelve. At the last chime the party still remained silent, as a new interruption had occurred. The intruder came at the sound of twelve and was thought to be a guest at first and even after a long glance the guests could still not think of what horror was standing so near to them. Prince Prospero anger turned to rage as he confronted the figure. He was covered in blood and he had the look of a corpse. A small number of the guests thought they recognized the Red Death but not Prince Prospero. He had sneaked into the party with every door looked and shut. Prince Prospero could only think of the insult that this man had done to him. He confronted the figure and asked his guards to arrest him and take his mask off. They did nothing and only watche ...

Pendant que and the French Subjunctive

Pendant que and the French Subjunctive Is  pendant que  subjunctive or indicative? This is a question that challenges many French students and theres a simple answer. First, you must ask if  pendant que  (while) is indeed a fact. Does Pendant que Need the Subjunctive? No, pendant que does not take the subjunctive. Pendant que  means while and the act of doing something  while  something  else is occurring  is a reality and a truth. There is no question to pendant que. Heres an example sentence: Jà ©tudie pendant quil fait la cuisine.I study while he cooks. Why doesnt it take the subjunctive? Because the word  while  states a fact. There is no question in this example that I am studying while he cooks. The fact is, therefore, an indicative mood. If there were any question as to the nature of  while  or  pendant que, then it would be subjunctive. Lets look at another example: Elle dessine pendant que je regarde.She draws while I watch. Is there any question here about the reality of her drawing? No, it is a fact that she  is  drawing and that I am watching. There is no question or uncertainty in this sentence.   One last example should concrete the concept of  pendant que: Il attend pendant quils  rà ©parent la voiture.He is waiting while they repair the car. Again, these are facts and there is no question as to what each person involved is doing. Tip:  The same subjunctive rules that apply to  pendant que  also cover  tandis que, which also means while. Its All About Facts Pendant que states a fact. Always keep in mind that the subjunctive has some degree of uncertainty. If your statement cannot be subjective, then it cannot be subjunctive. Use this theory as you encounter and question other possible subjunctive and indicative words and phrases.

Lesson Plan to Comprehend the First Law of Newton Assignment

Lesson Plan to Comprehend the First Law of Newton - Assignment Example The language needs to be of a Middle School level, with the emphasis being laid on the explanation and usage of technical and scientific terms, like Inertia and Velocity. Sentences that define the key concepts must be written, and finally must lead to the law itself. Later, examples can also be illustrated. Charts and pictorial depictions of the law can be used. Besides this, an action of the real-life depiction can be done in class by getting groups of students to enact each example. This way, it drives home the concept, while also promoting team-building and bonding. The content must not be perceived from the sole purpose of explaining the law. It must invoke a genuine interest to learn about Newton. Besides this, the very pertinence of this law in day-to-day activities can help stress on the amalgamation of reality and science, and a confluence of the two. Thus, the preparation for the instruction of this class, must ... Besides this, the very pertinence of this law in day-to-day activities can help stress on the amalgamation of reality and science, and a confluence of the two. Thus, the preparation for the instruction of this class must involve the proper portrayal of Newton and his laws. The first law must be explained with the help of key concepts. Then, real-life examples must be used to help students comprehend the concept clearly. Finally, the  active representation of the law can be portrayed in class.

Impact of technology on today's life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Impact of technology on today's life - Essay Example Even though the great strides in technology have offered technologies and increased opportunities, it has also impacted society to where there have been consequences as well. In particular, the use and development of technology has most impacted the fields of education, medicine, communication, and the environment. Traditional educations in early history were the explicatory nature of academics that were passed through the word of mouth. With the development of written language, knowledge could be stored, harnessed, and taught through the use of books. As technology has been developed, it has opened new avenues into the way teaching is conducted. The Internet, in particular, has become a widely used utility. It allows for a great amount of flexibility in learning. The vast amount of resources that can be brought into the classroom gives educators access to supplementary material that can enhance lectures. Classes can now be taken at a distance, which gives adult and non-traditional s tudents access to education and can take courses at their own pace. This has become a common way in which classes occur in higher education. New technologies such as smartboards and computers are used to teach students in new ways. However, there are also cons to the use of technology in education. Because students have access to a whole new set of resources, plagiarism has become more commonplace and has had to become a strictly enforced academic area. In addition, technology can also hinder educational development as educators and students are now dependent on the need for technology in the classroom through computers and electronic books. The field of medicine has also been influenced by technology. The first movements in the field of medicine consisted of apocrethary and other herbal treatments. As the early scientists became aware of the properties of these herbs, they started learning how to harness and process these chemicals in pure form. This necessitated the development of new devices and procedures by which these compounds could be synthesized. In order to help treat conditions such as bone degeneration, breaking, etc., metallic and polymer alloys have been synthesized to serve as a replacement for these parts. As neural anatomy and the complex thought processes of sensation and perception have been unlocked, more and more advanced prosthetics has been developed to help substitute the replacement of functional limbs. Greater detection devices such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), CT (X-ray computed tomography), etc. have served to help detect injuries, diseases, and abnormalities rather than through the use of exploratory surgery. Laser and computer assisted surgeries have helped increase the successes of surgeries as well as help make complex surgeries easier for medical staff to handle. There are some faults to the use of technology in medicine. An important part of the healing process is the therapeutic relationship between the patient and th e doctor. The overuse of technology can hinder this process, which affects the healing process. The use of technology and medicine is also often times untested or is known to have adverse side effects. As a result, in the case of patients that have illnesses, the use of experimental technology and medication can lead to further complications that accompany the condition. In this field, the use

Analyzing the Literary Features of “The Lottery” Essay Example for Free

Analyzing the Literary Features of â€Å"The Lottery† Essay In the story of Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, many literary devices are used to convey messages, give clues and give the reader a better understanding on the story overall. Within the story, literary devices such as allegory, symbolism, and satire are used, which are for the moral that Jackson is trying to send to readers. Other devices used are foreshadowing, imagery and irony. Jackson uses imagery to give a good visualization of the setting. Foreshadowing helps give a clue as to what to happen next in the story, and Jackson uses irony for surprise effect to shock the reader in the end of the story. At the beginning of â€Å"The Lottery†, it opens with â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. † This description Jackson gave is a clear example of imagery as she uses phrases such as: â€Å"richly green† â€Å"blossoming profusely† and â€Å"fresh warmth†. After reading this, the reader gets a sense of pleasantness in the story. Furthermore, Jackson writes â€Å"The lottery was conductedas were the square dances, the teen club, and the Halloween programby Mr. Summers†. This excerpt meant the lottery is traditional, and is followed by other fun activities such as square dances, the teen club and the Halloween program. From knowing the ending, this is an example of irony because the lottery is thought to be a fun opportune activity, but in the end it is found that the winner receives the prize of death. On forward, the lottery is introduced with the arrival of Mr. Summers and his black box he brings for the drawing. In the story, Jackson states â€Å"The black box grew shabbier each year: by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color, and in some places faded or stained†. The literary devices of symbolism and foreshadow are used here because the box color â€Å"black† is a symbol of death. With the box being in bad shape being faded and splintered badly, this adds to the symbol of death as fading means disappearing and wood splintering is signs of the wood’s breakdown. The names of these characters are also a form of symbolism and foreshadowing. Two characters, Mr. Graves and Mrs. Delacroix have names with deeper meaning. In the name â€Å"Graves†, grave means death as well, and within â€Å"Delacroix†, Croix is the French word for cross, which in the story of the bible, Jesus was sacrificed upon a cross and both are a form of Jackson’s symbolism to give a message. These objects of symbolism give off the literary device of foreshadow as the symbol of death means something bad may happen later within the story.

Hucks Inescapable Moral Dilemma :: essays papers

Huck's Inescapable Moral Dilemma In the novel, Huck is faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return Jim, the runaway slave, back to Jim’s owner. He, at an early age, is faced with the decision that has plagued man for ages: choosing what is morally right, even though it is forbidden in society and popular culture. He goes against the fold and goes with what his heart tells him. Huck's predicament is Twain’s â€Å"inescapable dilemma.† In an essay by Roger Rosenblatt, entitled â€Å"The Bill of Rights," Rosenblatt ends his essay with a single line: â€Å"Downriver we ride together, as ever, free to go to hell.† Rosenblatt’s final line in his essay makes an important point. It is not just Huck who is faced with decisions. Huckleberry Finn represents every person who has ever had to make a decision between what they feel is morally correct and what society perceives as right. Today Huck's dilemma with whether or not it is right to help free his eventual friend Jim can be c ompared with a doctors decision on whether or not to perform an abortion. The tough decision a doctor has to make about abortion is an example of an inescapable dilemma that plagues modern man. In abortion, the doctor is faced with a difficult decision. Should he take the life of an unborn child? What if the child was deformed, or was otherwise going to be born into a possibly unhealthy environment? Is taking away the opportunity to live life morally wrong or not? There are many more questions that face the doctor as well as the mother of the fetus. As the mother and the doctor are faced with this dilemma, sometimes what they feel is morally correct is not legal- as abortion is illegal in certain states. Huck would definitely be breaking the law if he freed Jim. Jim is just a slave to most of the people. He is just property that can be sold or used until "it" wears out. Huck sees more than just the slave qualities in Jim. Huck sees life. Similarly many people see life in an unborn fetus and have real qualms with killing a developing child. Another example of an inescapable dilemma is guns. Should it be legal for man to have the power to purchase such an item whose sole purpose is to drain life in general and human life? Huck's Inescapable Moral Dilemma :: essays papers Huck's Inescapable Moral Dilemma In the novel, Huck is faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return Jim, the runaway slave, back to Jim’s owner. He, at an early age, is faced with the decision that has plagued man for ages: choosing what is morally right, even though it is forbidden in society and popular culture. He goes against the fold and goes with what his heart tells him. Huck's predicament is Twain’s â€Å"inescapable dilemma.† In an essay by Roger Rosenblatt, entitled â€Å"The Bill of Rights," Rosenblatt ends his essay with a single line: â€Å"Downriver we ride together, as ever, free to go to hell.† Rosenblatt’s final line in his essay makes an important point. It is not just Huck who is faced with decisions. Huckleberry Finn represents every person who has ever had to make a decision between what they feel is morally correct and what society perceives as right. Today Huck's dilemma with whether or not it is right to help free his eventual friend Jim can be c ompared with a doctors decision on whether or not to perform an abortion. The tough decision a doctor has to make about abortion is an example of an inescapable dilemma that plagues modern man. In abortion, the doctor is faced with a difficult decision. Should he take the life of an unborn child? What if the child was deformed, or was otherwise going to be born into a possibly unhealthy environment? Is taking away the opportunity to live life morally wrong or not? There are many more questions that face the doctor as well as the mother of the fetus. As the mother and the doctor are faced with this dilemma, sometimes what they feel is morally correct is not legal- as abortion is illegal in certain states. Huck would definitely be breaking the law if he freed Jim. Jim is just a slave to most of the people. He is just property that can be sold or used until "it" wears out. Huck sees more than just the slave qualities in Jim. Huck sees life. Similarly many people see life in an unborn fetus and have real qualms with killing a developing child. Another example of an inescapable dilemma is guns. Should it be legal for man to have the power to purchase such an item whose sole purpose is to drain life in general and human life?

The epoch of belief

Charles Dickens celebrated opening line in A Tale of Two Cities certainly sums up the experience of a first twelvemonth in-between school instructor. â€Å" It was the worst of times, it was the best of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of folly, it was the era of belief, it was the era of disbelief, it was the season of Light†¦ † I started learning in-between school in a self-contained drop-out bar ( â€Å" DOP † ) category. Translation: self-contained, please-do n't let-them-out-we're-scared category. I was hired in October after the old instructor packed up his things and quit in the center of the afternoon. They were despairing, and as a individual ma with merely one income, so was I. To add to the bell saloon of this most ambitious clip was the trade name new province broad proving tendencies that frequently dominate the documents today. Regardless of the of weight overload, it is ten old ages subsequently and I ‘m happy to describe both the pupils and I survived that twelvemonth. The chief even allow us out for a local field trip and merely the clock in the front anteroom wall of the scientific discipline museum did non endure. Trust me when I tell you there was nil they taught me in college that prepared me for my first twelvemonth of learning in-between school. I know nevertheless, that the worst of times could hold been a batch easier if I knew so what I know now. That is where this book comes in, to supply you with more wisdom, belief, and visible radiation, and a batch less foolishness and disbelief on your way to great instruction.Using This BookEducating pupils on the cusp of their most influential age encompasses much more than a few text books, cute bulletin boards, and some expo markers. Making an effectual yet comfy acquisition environment amid today ‘s province criterions, inclusion categories and federal authorizations is genuinely a noteworthy achievement. Fortunately, we besides teach in a digital age which has simplified many of the undertakings our predecessors found grueling. Read this book screen to cover so maintain it near by as a mention beginning throughout your first twelvemonth. Education is a busy main road, but if you are up for the thrust, this book is the topographic point to get down and will take you through:Forging lasting, professional relationships with disposal and co-workers during your first twelvemonth.Making a well organized, good behaved, comfy, â€Å" safe zone † schoolroom while adhering to territory, province and school outlooks.Facilitating lasting, positive relationships with disposal, fellow module, and territory and support staff.Guide you through analysing tempo and course of study guidelines and happening and implanting your province ‘s criterions into individualized units.Finding schemes that will assist you make a technologically savvy schoolroom that keeps pupils engaged with your lessons in this age of MP-3 participants, bet oning consoles and multi-functioning cell phones.Facilitating the creative activity positive partnerships with parents, and demo you how to turn the most hard parent into your most valuable Ali.Define, supply thoughts, and offer samples and templets for academic squads, interdisciplinary units, and departmental planning.Groking the drive rational behind federal Torahs such as ESOL, the No Child Left Behind Act, and assorted particular instruction Torahs and their affects on mandated testing.How to guarantee your pupils run into the equal annually advancement as dictated by mandated proving while keeping an effectual, merriment, and originative acquisition environment.Numerous resources such web sites that offer free teacher instructional thoughts and cod dramatis personaes, appropriate and high involvement novel suggestions for in-between school pupils, and samples and templets for lesson programs, and units, and many other signifiers.This book is the GPS that will assist you steer around your in-between school vicinity. I bid you a assuring farewell on an adventur esome journey. I hope you will happen it every bit meaningful as I have.Chapter 1 Teachers and MoneyTeacher CompensationLet it be said that there are tonss of benefits to learning. It is extremely likely if you have made it this far you understand money is non one of them. If someway you have missed that piece of information, a good suggestion would be to set this book down and travel purchase a transcript of What Color is My Parachute. There is nil incorrect with be willing work hard for finer things in life. Unfortunately, the attempt and expertness expended by instructors, far out manner the compensation received. Education in the United States is authorities tally and so the majority of determinations are made by elective functionaries. Although there is a batch of rhetoric spewed around about the importance of extremely paid professional instructors, in world, increasing educational support is really frequently low on a politician ‘s precedence list. Influential parents o n a regular basis send their kids to private school and hence, public school support is simply a bantam beep of small effect on the radio detection and ranging of their kids ‘s hereafter. Shameful? Possibly, but, while politicians twirl around the latest and purportedly low cost instruction tendencies, pedagogues in the United States have produced some of the most important leaders of our clip. With that said, territories do, in fact, offer many pecuniary benefits and although instructors will non make six figures on learning entirely, it is a nice life. There is more good intelligence ; although, surely non compulsory, flexible hours and summers allow instructors to supplement their income through other avenues, some of which are addressed in Chapter 14. This makes learning a really attractive calling for persons whose avocations, such as authorship, art, and package design, may non supply fulltime life. And, eventually, instructors are historically able to retire rather comfortably on a stable income.Wage ScalesPayroll may fall under different sections depending on the size of the territory. It may be in accounting, human resources, hazard direction, or in bigger territories, merely paysheet. You will most surely want to be familiar with this peculiar section. Among the information you will happen in the paysheet section are wage graduated tables and salary agendas. Although statistics vary somewhat from province to province and territory to organisation, most agree that the mean territory get downing salary is in the mid mid-thirtiess. The mean wage of a tenured instructor in the United States is in the mid 1950ss to low 1960ss. Base wages are negotiated through a brotherhood in most territories. The sum is in concurrence with the old ages in service and at times, the type of contract you are under. Here is an illustration of a salary graduated table in South Florida. â€Å" Measure † is the sum of old ages in service. Some territory will hold two wage graduated tables, one for get downing instructors on one-year contract and another for tenured instructors. An one-year contract means the territory has the right to regenerate or non regenerate your contract at the terminal of each school twelvemonth. A professional services contract is otherwise known as â€Å" term of office † . Tenure means you have an on-going contract with the territory. There may be extra wage inducements for â€Å" tenured † instructors in your territories. Many territories require you work under an â€Å" one-year contract † for three to five old ages before you fall under the â€Å" professional services contract † . The paysheet office in your territory will allow you cognize where to look for your wage graduated table and how long you need to work before you are considered tenured or professional service.Wage AgendasBeware. Teachers are frequently given a pick whether to take their one-year wag e over 10 months, throughout the school twelvemonth, or 12 months, which includes the summer. Salary agendas vary from territory to territory, but by and large talking an pedagogue will acquire paid every two hebdomads or twice monthly. If one is self-restraining and in fiscal matters savvy, taking their wage over a 10 month period is the wiser option. An person can gain involvement on the money they put into nest eggs during the twelvemonth. For many instructors, particularly those without fiscal delicacy, this is quite nice in theory, but by the clip summer axial rotations around they are level broke. It is extremely suggested during that a new instructor take his or her salary over 12 months. Summers are for holidaies, professional development and re-energizing for the approaching twelvemonth. It is non clip to emphasize and scramble to pay measures or to be populating on a diet of catsup sandwiches. No 1 wants debt aggregators champing at their heels when it is clip for school to restart.Extra Incentives and Fringe BenefitsSince many territories have extra wage inducements, you will desire to look into and see what is offered in your country. Here are illustrations of some more common inducements: Critical Shortage Areas Some instruction places are more hard for territories to make full than others. These are known as â€Å" critical deficit countries † . There are many benefits for instructors with the expertness and instruction to make full these places. They normally include scientific discipline and math, particular instruction and English Speakers of Other Languages. Compensation may run from engaging fillips to student loan forgiveness plans.Higher Degrees and CertificationsDistricts on a regular basis offer added compensation to instructors with extra certificates. This may include a Masterss degree in a specific capable country, to ESOL or National Board Certification. Payment may be a one clip fillip or a salary addition.Travel and Lower Economic School IncentivesLower economic and rural countries are hard to staff. To pull quality teachers, stipends are offered over and above regular wage to counterbalance for clip and travel. If this is an option for you, be certain to see non merely milage and wear and rupture on your auto, but if in your first twelvemonth of instruction, you are able to run into the many challenges faced by lower economic pupils.AYP BonusAdequate annually advancement is determined by province broad appraisal proving in concurrence with the No Child Left Behind Act, both explained in greater item in Chapter 13. Support is offered to schools and/or territories which meet the ends set Forth by AYP criterions. Although how this money is spent is slightly controversial and varies even from school to school, it could intend a annual fillip for you from a twosome hundred dollars to over a 1000.Sick and Personal DaysTeachers usually acquire a set sum of sick and personal yearss that they can utilize during the twelvemonth. Check with your territory. Find out if you will free these yearss if you do non take them. More frequently there is the option of transporting ill clip from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. Salvaging it up shoul d you necessitate it for of import life events such as pregnancy leave. If ill leave and personal yearss remain untasted the when its clip for retirement the school territory will cipher the sum of clip saved. Teachers so receive a ball amount separating payment upon retiring. This can add up to quite a brawny sum, even if merely a few sick/personal yearss are saved each twelvemonth.Risk Management/Human ResourcesLike most authorities bureaus and larger companies, teacher compensation usually includes tonss of added benefits such as free or low cost wellness insurance, disablement, life insurance, etc. Find out what your single territory offers There are pecuniary wagess in a instruction, but largely your calling will offer limitless intrinsic compensation. You will be literally determining the hereafter of your community, your province and your state. By the clip you retire you will hold been responsible for the rational lives of 1000s. And if you are successful, you will ne'er be forgotten.Chapter 1 Meeting the District and Middle SchoolFinding lucidity in the first confusing yearss of professional development ( instructors merely back to school ) is of import in kick get downing a successful in-between school calling. This chapter obviously explains what to look for in those critical first hebdomad meetings. It will help you in garnering the information needed throughout the twelvemonth to fix an advanced schoolroom atmosphere that meets both territory and school outlooks.Knowing Your DistrictDistrict StructureOpportunities are, if you ‘ve been hired to learn your first twelvemonth of in-between school you have bee n to your territory office for an interview, fingerprinting or to make full out the overplus of paperwork required of many pedagogues. But the internal construction and workings are what will most impact you for the clip you are employed. Whether it be a few old ages, or until you retire, this is the topographic point that will order everything from paysheet policies to curriculum patterns. Many territories will offer the information you need to leap get down your calling such as course of study pacing ushers and suggested lesson programs on their web site, so visits to the existent school board edifice will be minimum. By merely logging on to the territory ‘s web site, and most of them are rather comprehensive you can happen the information discussed throughout this book. Regardless, be certain to see your territory before school Begins and go to any early school twelvemonth meetings that are geared to assisting you navigate your manner around the territory sections.Your District ‘s School Board and Mission StatementMost relevant to territories construction and to you and your pupils is its mission statement. The mission statement starts with your territory ‘s school board. The board is made up of elective functionaries headed, by a overseer who is appointed by the board. This board has a vision for the instruction of the territory ‘s pupils which will be reflected in a mission statement. The followers is an illustration of a mission statement from a New Jersey school territory in Morris County: The mission of the East Hanover School District is to fix our immature people to be positive, lending members of society. Through a diversified course of study which incorporates the outlook that all pupils achieve the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards ( NJCCCS ) at all class degrees and a school environment that fosters self-esteem, independent thought, and regard for single differences, we provide our pupils with the accomplishments and experiences necessary to help them in accomplishing their fullest potency as alone persons and to run into the challenges of life. Similar, common sense, all embracing practical statements are designed and maintained by a battalion of territories. If yours has one, maintain it near by. You can take the territory mission statement, along with your school ‘s mission statement and make one your ain that encompasses your professional ends as an teacher in your county Use it as a summarized usher for the outlooks you must run into as instructor. You will see your territories mission statement in action on a day-to-day footing. However, if you wish to acquire to cognize your school board members and larn how your territory facilitates and maintains the unity of its mission statement, attend a school board meeting. Districts post their meetings on their web site or newssheet and are frequently held on the same twenty-four hours of each hebdomad or month, during evening hours. District meetings are public forums, anyone is invited to go to and with anterior presentment has the right to speak.. They can be long and drawn out, but you will happen everything from subsidy arguments, to calendar determinations, and possibly even some dissenters bucking the latest learning tendency or support debacle.CertificationYour territory ‘s Certification section is your credential keeper and does non halt supervising your achievements one time you have completed your initial instruction demands. Many territories offer added compensation for extra grades or enfranchisement fortes. Besides, your enfranchisement section will cognize what type of tuition reimbursement programs are offered. It is advisable to happen person knowing in that section by look intoing with experient instructors. Additionally, throughout your calling you will hold to regenerate your enfranchisement of all time few old ages with professional development points covered in item in Chapter 3. Find the section and remain in touch with them sporadically to guarantee you are up to day of the month on whatever necessities may be asked of you.District Unions: To Join or Not to JoinBy and large, territories have teacher brotherhoods. Whether they are effectual or non is surely up for argument by many and there are both pros and cons to being a brotherhood member. Research your local brotherhood exhaustively. They will be happy to speak you. See what they have to offer. In the long tally it may be worth the dues. Union dues can frequently be deducted from paysheet. Servicess vary from comfortss such as price reductions to local merchandisers to covering the cost of legal services should you necessitate council and/or representation. Additionally, for the first twelvemonth instructor, some brotherhoods offer professional development classs or aid with enfranchisement tests. If you should make up one's mind against fall ining your brotherhood you will necessitate professional liability insurance. If your territory does non offer liability and you choose non to fall in the brotherhood, you will necessitate buy your ain insurance. If you are a instructor of unity and effectivity, this is one of those policies you will more than probably ne'er need. It happens, nevertheless. Remember, as a in-between school instructor you will come into contact with over 100 kids per twelvemonth plus their parents or defenders. Your moral compass may impeccable, but that does non intend you will non happen yourself in a quandary that requires legal representation. You need merely read today ‘s headlines to understand the many originative ways instructors are being sued.District Department MeetingsSchool Districts are non merely payroll sections. The course of study you will be learning and pacing of your units and lesson programs come from your territory ‘s offi ce. It is imperative you get to cognize where to happen these stuffs and information. At times it may be distributed through your school section chair. Other times your school section chair will mention you right back to your territory office or web site.Early Year MeetingsEach section from scientific discipline to English should hold an early school twelvemonth meeting. This may be a series of events held entirely for new instructors, professional developments categories for all territory instructors in your capable country or workshops presenting new text edition acceptances. It may look you are overwhelmed with meetings your first hebdomad in your new calling and you likely are. As a consequence of these meetings at that place will look hardly adequate clip to acquire your schoolroom decorated. It may be really tempted to jump out on territory meetings, particularly after you note a few veteran instructors have remained behind. Do non jump these meetings. Not merely are they full of information, but you can kick get down your twelvemonth off with professional development points and frequently free schoolroom supplies. ‘ District meetings are frequently a great topographic point to garner some of your schoolroom supplies. Keep your eyes and ears unfastened, see what they have. Once you become a instructor you are instantly given scavenging unsusceptibility. It is all right to unashamedly scrounge. No 1 will look twice. Materials that can be uncovered at territory meetings include Post-Its, pens and school-year calendars left by organisations like the recognition brotherhood who target publicize to instructors. You may besides happen stuffs such as bulletin board lodgers and educational games and activities. The great thing about these gifts are they will be in concurrence with the subject of your text books.New Teacher EventsSome territories will hold an full hebdomad devoted to new instructor preparation and others will hold possibly a twenty-four hours or two. These meetings will assist you voyage your territory ‘s policies. They will give you the specific information on mission statements, c onstruction, and paysheet and benefits that you need. You will besides run into other instructors on the get downing line of their callings. Additionally, some territories will hold brotherhood representatives, text edition and learning shop sellers who do are ready and willing to demo you the ropes of instruction.WorkshopsThe Professional development workshops held by the territory reinforces the vision it has for its instructors and is frequently facilitated by seasoned teachers who are looked upon every bit successful. These are great function theoretical accounts who have been in your place. You will happen most of them eager to assist you acquire the information you need.Textbook Sellers and Workshops( PICTURE OF VENDOR DISPLAY ) New text editions and accessory stuffs are adopted by territories every few old ages. The book itself, the sum of clip it is used and what will travel along with the text to assist your instruction is usually decided by a territory commission made up o f instructors in your country. Once the determination has been made there will normally be a workshop held by the text edition sellers. Even if you have an antipathy to gross revenues people, do your text book seller a really close friend. They know their company and its books and package indoors and out. They can and will reply any inquiries you may hold from walking you through on-line text edition entree to ancillary accelerated math hiting package, to what current novels are being used by your topic and class degree throughout the province. Even better, they are frequently willing to supply you with sample stuffs to prove out with your pupils. In today ‘s universe that may intend some really cool and really free new engineering. Workshops on new text editions are every bit of import. Many instructors instantly discount what textbooks have to offer because there is frequently so much stuff is it overpowering. Take the clip to acquire to cognize your text and the workshops offered by sellers are a great topographic point to get down. Often textbooks will supply you with aims, indispensable inquiries and really turn to your single province ‘s criterions in your instructor ‘s edition. TE ‘s great thoughts for differentiated direction and merriment activities that go along with your lessons and we will turn to that farther in Chapter 5. Finally, your territory chose that text edition because they feel it aligns in some manner with their instructional mission. So acquire to cognize acquire to cognize your text edition sellers, talk to your brotherhood and research your territory. A comprehensive apprehension of its mission, construction and policies will supply lucidity in understanding the determinations made by the disposal in your single school and the policies implemented. Knowing the large image will assist you understand where you and your in-between school tantrum in and what is expected.Your Very First Middle School Faculty Meeting( PICTURE OF FACULTY MEETING ) Some new instructors may happen themselves on information overload during their first module meeting as these meetings are filled unmeasurable sums of information and a overplus of paperwork. This is where you will run into your disposal and co-workers. Furthermore it is these early twelvemonth meetings where you larn your school ‘s academic standing in your territory, province and possibly the state. Equally as of import are the specific instructions for first hebdoma d processs. Watch and listen. Take notes. When you go home review them and if you have inquiries seek out replies. You will avoid a tidal moving ridge of emphasis and misinterpretation if you truly understand what ‘s expected your first yearss of school, so stay focused.Your ColleaguesEarly twelvemonth module meetings are great manner to ferret out the countless victors in the game of instruction. New instructors will happen throughout their approaching old ages as pedagogues, genuinely icky instructors are an minute minority. This little minority ‘s hideous and sometimes condemnable behaviour is magnified several million times by bad imperativeness. Most in-between school instructors, irrespective of their diverse personality traits and imperfectnesss, love their schoolroom and their pupils. This is non a concern you want to wake up to in the forenoon if you do non. Like any other big establishment there are many persons with diverse personalities. It takes a particular individual to work with an age group from which most others rapidly run shouting and ne'er look book. Therefore, even among the gossipmongers, complainers, and brownnosers of the module meetings, there are ever a mass of folks who are improbably effectual with the pupils in their schoolrooms. Keeping principals above personalities allows one to bask the humor and wisdom of learning experience even though some of the instructors sharing their experience are non among those one might ask for over for a barbeque. Even those pedagogues who may look to hold aced Evil 101 as requirement to all their other classs have something to offer. Discern, but do non judge. If you think back, it is most likely the instructors with the highest outlooks, along with the most classroom construction that got your best out of you when you felt like slacking. You can larn much from these veterans.This does non intend that instructors will happen healthy and permanent friendly relationships outside of the schoolroom with other co-workers.With that said, it is unfortunate, but there are those instructors who slip through the holes of the good instructor screen and a new instructor may happen themselves working following door to one. New instructors should visualize their schoolroom as a immense vault wherein their educational valuables lie, along with their ain concern, merely maintaining ticker on your their ain vault. It is of import to observe, nevertheless that in most provinces there is excess duty given to you as health professional of kids. These Torahs make you a compulsory newsman. Naturally, if a instructor witnesses inappropriate behaviour which may represent maltreatment, the affair must instantly be discussed with the school ‘s chief or adjunct chief If a instructor notices any indicants of maltreatment of any sort, to any kid, it is their duty to describe it and if they do non, they may free their enfranchisement to learn, non to advert the embarrassment it may do friends and households when, if intuitions are true, you are arrested along with the maltreater for helping and abetting. Herbert Hoover said â€Å" Children are our most valuable national resource † . It would be a sound tactic wise for new instructors to retrieve that frequently we are the lone 1s on ticker of these â€Å" valuable resources † Should you of all time be put into a state of affairs where you must describe maltreatment of kid by one of your co-workers, do non discourse the affair your section meeting or around the tiffin tabular array. This is merely gossip. Be discreet. Even if you report the facts and merely the facts to your fellow instructors, good, retrieve that game of telephone you played in first class when one individual started with a secret and it went around the room merely to stop up earnestly distorted? Well this clip your professional repute is on the line. These are legal issues and a instructor ‘s duty is to her pupils. A repute as they faculty lounge intelligence letter writer will merely convey harm to your calling and misgiving from your equals. Make your study to the appropriate authorization and so maintain a palpebra on it. However, if new instructors choose to inform the principal he or she has hired many uneffective pedagogues you are doomed. First, you might every bit good state your principal he or she is non making her occupation as it is her duty to see to it that the pupils in her school are being educated. Second, your principal will desire to cognize why, as a first twelvemonth teacher larning the crannies of instruction, that you have clip to detect the lacks of others. Many times instructors whose pupils are non run intoing province criterions are on the principal ‘s radio detection and ranging anyhow. They are given the chance to better and will travel through appropriate channels to make so before being let travel. It can non be stressed plenty that unless a new instructor sees something wholly inappropriate, it unwise to state anything to colleagues or decision makers. Until you a new instructor has become a seasoned instructor it is best to maintain this type of information to under wraps. This is no different than any other occupation. If a new instructor wants to be counted among the respected and fall in the victors in this game, they need to larn the game before stating other people how to play.Principal ‘s Principles and ExpectationsPrincipals are at the helm of in-between schools assortment crew. She guides her ship through the unsmooth Waterss of unhappy instructors, aggressive kids and enraged parents while the budget she juggles to maintain her vas afloat could non repair a leak on a sinking ship. Sometimes she is pleasant to work for and apprehensible so, sometimes non. Regardless, if you couple the vision of your territory with the vision of your principal, and follow that lead, you can be confident that what you are making is effectual and on undertaking. Be certain get a acute sense of your principal ‘s outlooks and leading manner. Some principal ‘s have more of democratic, system where instructors, module and staff are the driving force behind the school civilization, and others like to micromanage. Whichever group your chief tantrums into you will hold to set to that manner, for now anyhow. It is of import you gain an apprehension of her leading rules and how she wants you stay the class so you help her usher her ship to where it is traveling. You will happen no affair what the manner, the most common tools used by principals to leave their outlooks to their module is standardised proving informations.Decoding DatasIn the boot off yearss before pupils arrive, the principal will portion the old twelvemonth ‘s informations with you and she will use the informations to build her ends for the coming school twelvemonth. In today ‘s old ages of AYP criterions dictated by the No Child Left Behind Act, it is should non come as a surprise that most principal ‘s ends are set in conformity with standardised testing. Chapters 11 and 12 explain these proving authorizations in more item. However, the followers is a basic early instruction yearss understanding. It will assist you see where your peculiar pupils fit. This is a all right chance to be able to organize your principal ‘s ends, with your pupil ‘s expected accomplishments and use those to your schoolroom and/or professional development programs. Although there are national norm referenced trials, standardized proving today is normally determined from province to province. Your principal will more than likely present informations on your school in footings of its relation to other schools in your territory and your province. One of the assets of the No Child Left Behind Act is that it provides ways to put and use mensurable ends. When you look at this information and what is expected of you, particularly if you are learning a topic that is addressed by standardised proving you may get down to experience rather a spot of tenseness. Do non worry, if your end is the instruction of your pupils, easing the achievement of these ends by your pupils is a batch easier said than done. There is excessively much panicking traveling on in our schools today and non adequate focal point on larning. In this book you will happen programs and activities that will help you and your pupils in making the criterions set Forth. So remain unagitated amidst the storm. When your principal is showing informations, if a transcript of it has non been provided to you, inquire for one. Normally that will non be a job. This will give more than the short clip between power point slides to decode your school ‘s informations. Additionally, you may wish to hold a transcript with you to compare to Chapters 11 and 12. This brings the political and trial centered rhetoric place and will make more professional significance if you can use it to you and your pupils. Furthermore, if your school provides appraisals throughout the twelvemonth you may utilize this information to mensurate against the informations mensurating your pupils ‘ betterments. In the interim, the NCLB is a colossal answerability system. Here are some of the simpler facts you need to cognize in your early yearss of instruction.The informations your will see is based on statewide trials taken by pupils towards the terminal of the school twelvemonth, normally late March or April. The trials are designed in conformity with the federal guidelines set Forth in the No Child Left Behind Act. Titles of these trials vary from State to State: MCAT: Main Comprehensive Assessment Test and CST: California Standards Test.he data will largely like be compared to other schools in your territory and province.There will be an overall mark which is determined by variables as mandated by the NCLB. You will be able to observe how your overall mark compared to that of other schools during your principal ‘s presentation.Tonss will so be broken down into separate countries that are tested. Decidedly math and reading, and in many provinces, composing and even scientific disci pline and societal surveies.The information will be so interrupt down once more into sub-groups. Subgroups can include lower economic degree pupils, frequently referred to as â€Å" having free and decreased tiffin † . Subgroups are broken down even further into African American, Asian, Hispanic and White.Additions are how much each pupil and group and overall school improved. Your school ‘s additions will find whether school has met equal annually advancement as determined by NCLB.Be certain to observe the population Numberss. For illustration, an Asiatic group may demo great additions, but if there are on 5 Asiatic pupils on a in-between school campus of 1300, that is non stating much.From at that place, your principal will see the advancement made the old twelvemonth and present her outlooks for this twelvemonth. For illustration, if your school did reasonably good overall, but, but Latino pupils showed a lessening in math, you may hear her say, â€Å" Our school en d is to hold all pupils improve 5 % on reading tonss. Latino Students will increase their mathematics mark by 7 % . † Some principals, cognizing that instructors are on the frontlines of pupil betterment, may administer the information and have instructors interrupt up into section groups, i.e. math, reading, English, and so hold the section chairs study back with findings, ends and what the instructors will necessitate to make their ends. Finally, a end will be set for the school twelvemonth and will be, more than probably included in your school ‘s mission statement. Many others have found that these mensurable ends provide more lucidity into what should be taught in the schoolroom. It can non be stressed plenty and it will be brought up in late chapters: these ends have ne'er meant to be set so instructors would be required to learn to a trial. Although it is a good thought to pass some reappraisal clip on standardised trial pickings schemes, by the clip your pupils have reached in-between school they know how to make full in the bubbles. Teach them to the accomplishments need to cognize to be successful in the universe and they will make amazingly good on their appraisal subsequently in the twelvemonth. This information may sound foreign. Make non be afraid to inquire inquiries until you understand what is being discussed. If you are uncomfortable inquiring inquiries in a module meeting, find person who understands the informations and can reply inquiries you may hold. Please note that a per centum of the gross received by your school in one manner or another comes from the federal authorities is in relation to accomplishing the criterions set Forth by the No Child Left Behind Act. Do non disregard the importance of statistics to your chief as they apply to learning achievements in today ‘s universe.AdministrationTo back up your principal will be adjunct principals. The figure of these decision makers will depend on the size of your school. Find out how the concatenation of bids among these decision makers plants. In smaller schools where there is a chief and adjunct principal, they are frequently a squad covering all the undertakings necessary to maintain your in-between school running swimmingly. On the other manus, in larger in-between schools require more adjunct principals may be assigned to a whole class degree or by undertaking. For illustration, there may be a 6th class, 7th class and 8th class helper principals to manage subject harm onizing to their several class degree. Most significantly, it will likely be an adjunct principal who does most of your observations your first twelvemonth. It may be the helper principal assigned to your grade degree or it may be an helper principal assigned to back up new instructors. Find out who your decision maker is and inquire her if there is anything in add-on to those listed in the module enchiridion that you should cognize about her outlooks. Will you be working on a professional development program together? If she seems unfastened to conversation and willing to assist make non waver to inquire her what kinds of things helped her in first twelvemonth of instruction. Knowing who she is and what she expects will non merely assistance you on your reappraisals but will besides back up your growing as an pedagogue. It is rare, but you may run across decision makers, for grounds of deficiency of clip, to concatenation of bid, who would prefer non to hold to cover with new instructor whoas. Hopefully, and they most surely should hold assigned you to a wise man. If non seek one out. Find a seasoned instructor who has been employed at that peculiar school for some clip and is willing to reply your inquiries. Normally the module who have been around for awhile can steer you in understanding what ‘s expected from the disposal. Just do certain your inquiries do non turn into gossip Sessionss about your decision maker as they easy may. Again, happening an decision maker who is non willing to be of aid is rare. In fact they have frequently been new instructors themselves and should wholly understand and welcome your willingness to larn and turn. As the twelvemonth goes They largely like have a solution for many cub quandaries.Covering With Difficult AdministrationThey are rare, but they exist. New instructors will constantly hear chilling narratives of disposal sooner avoided. Demanding, micromanaging, malevolent, unmotivating incubuss who do non waver to throw their screaming-for-mercy new instructors to a lair of fanged, PTO jaguar parents. Or possibly the lawlessness making adjunct principal who allows their disrespectful pupil â€Å" cheeps † to run hellaciously through the hallways making mayhem and crust alternatively of order and regard. First allow it be said that these narratives are normally exaggerated. The old proverb that there is good in the worst of us and bad in the best of us holds true for p rincipals excessively. They are human existences human existences with kids and expansive kids, hubbies, and brothers and sisters. They merely may non hold developed a leading manner that works for many instructors. The good intelligence is frequently if principals can non take a school to higher public presentation each twelvemonth they are finally replaced. Sometimes moved, sometimes ne'er to be heard of once more. Principals are under every bit much if non more force per unit area to maintain their schools good managed behaviorally and the tonss of all pupils doing additions on the continuum of assessment proving. This normally requires reasonably competent educational supervisiory accomplishments. Principals who do non hold those abilities will be replaced. However, since there has yet to be an objectionable foremans 101 class offered among most colleges and universities, they are sometimes a fact of life so here arehelpful intimations to assist new instructors stay motivated and successful. First, new instructors on who are presently sing where to work and hold non already accepted a place, should make their best to avoid landing in a school where there may be job disposals. Naming the local instructors brotherhood and happening out which schools have the highest turnover is a stating mark of the instructor satisfaction. If turnover is significantly higher than other schools it is therein that you will likely happen the lair of the fabulous, malevolent decision maker who has been the subject of distinct treatments among the module lunches antecedently mentioned. Avoid her like the pestilence. There are excessively many learning places that will open with supportive and effectual administrative leading. Should a new instructor decide to pay his or her dues at a school with a less than administrative friendly ambiance, or if someway one has inadvertently landed at in a similar school construction all a new instructor may merely make their best to make their occupations. As antecedently stated, happen out what your principals expects and follow those guidelines. When a new instructor becomes diffident If they are apparently impossibly seek out the 1s that best function your pupils. and seek and do non panicFaculty Hand BookAn first-class resource for instructors acquiring acclimated to the leading outlooks at their school will happen information foremost manus in their module enchiridion. Everything from school regulations, effects, frock codification, drill processs etc. , personal yearss and are all spelled out. Read it and mention to it. There ‘s nil more annoyance for a principal who is covering with the day-to-day flood of the parent, pupils and paperwork parade around and across their desk so a new instructor inquiring what steps need to be taken to acquire a personal twenty-four hours.First Day ProceduresOther of import information that will be presented by either the principal or helper principal will be the first twenty-four hours processs. New instructors should take notes and be certain to listen. You will have information from coach responsibility stations to blood board pathogen instructions. Keep all first twenty-four hours process notes and paperwork separate from all other information. Teachers should set together a file or little binder and label it â€Å" First Day Procedures † , so reappraisal and form it a twenty-four hours or two before large event. New instructors may besides desire to make a walk through the twenty-four hours before. For illustration, frequently times 6th class pupils will be picked up at certain country such as the cafeteria and escorted to their schoolrooms by their instructors since the first twenty-four ho urs may be terribly perplexing to them. Bringing a file and maintaining all first twenty-four hours process papers together will help in leting a first twenty-four hours of joy and exhilaration instead than emphasis and confusion. There will decidedly be a list of signifiers to be sent place and signed by ma. Keep a cheque list of your home room and period rolls like the illustration below. Mark the day of the month you distributed the signifier. Roll up the signifiers at the beginning of each category period and so merely look into off each signifier as they are returned. To guarantee that signifiers are returned in a timely mode it is helpful to offer pupils incentive. Such as if the signifiers are returned by such and such a day of the month, pupils will have 100 % for their first assignment class. ( As discussed subsequently in the chapter on scaling, assignments are normally a smaller per centum of pupils classs than quizzes, trials and undertakings. This will assist you look into documents off as they go out and come in. Frequently, for the first yearss or hebdomad, the attending process may change from the norm so your principal can acquire accurate Numberss of the pupils who will go to. Take note that blood born pathogen safety processs are normally presented by your principal or helper chief during these meetings. Many unwellnesss today including the HIV virus is transmitted through bodily fluids, chiefly blood. Your disposal will desire you to cognize how to manage a state of affairs that falls under this header from the first minute the pupils enter campus. They will besides supply all instructors with or state them where to happen blood born pathogens kit. These are merely kits with safety step stuffs such as plastic baseball mitts, gauze and manus sanitizer. If your some uneven ground your school does non make this, do certain you make your ain kit. Teachers go for old ages ne'er holding to touch a pupil who is shed blooding. Most instructors genuinely want to be at that place for a pupil if they need aid, and this most surely can be done without seting one ‘s ain life at hazard.Chapter 2 Teaching Relationships and Your Go-To CrewKnowing where to travel f or counsel in one ‘s first twelvemonth as an pedagogue will do the apparently infinite undertakings of a in-between school instructor remarkable more manageable. From keepers to positive relationships with support staff you can set up a web that will continuously lend to your thin, average, educational schoolroom machine. But retrieve these persons serve an full module and frequently other staff members. The I-am-the center-of-the-universe-bull-dog-approach will gets instructors nil but ignored. Bing considerate of other ‘s feelings and clip restraints is much more effectual. This does non intend that have to retrieve everyone ‘s anniversary and the day of the month of their first born kid. This chapter will give you a basic apprehension of who is who in in-between school support staff and how to set up effectual relationships with them.Understanding Your Schools Departmental StructureAs discussed in the old subdivision on Administrators, often a school ‘s fo rces Numberss in any given section may change. Factors range from the size of the school to territory authorizations. But in the bulk of in-between schools, you will happen section chairs and sometimes specializers in the capable country you teach who are at that place to assist you with schemes and resources.Department HeadsFrequently there is a seasoned instructor in your section who is in charge of assorted responsibilities, chiefly the attention and trailing of text books, and conveying information from the principal or territory back to you at on a regular basis scheduled section meetings. In some schools they may besides be in charge of the supplies at for the instructors in your capable country. This individual is known as the section caput or section chair. Keep in head that these persons are instructors along with their departmental responsibilities. They are improbably busy the first yearss of school suiting instructors and fixing their schoolrooms. However, they are besides paid and excess stipend for this place, so if you need something ask. Early in your schoolroom readying yearss, check that you have adequate text editions and a teacher edition for each one. If the section caput is in charge of supplies check what you need, besides. This manner, you can give yourself plentifulness of clip to allow your section caput know that you understand they are busy, and would wish to travel to the bookroom or supply room to acquire what you need at their convenience.SpecialistsToday, many particular demands pupils who were confined to a schoolroom with other pupils considered handicapped are able to go to school in a mainstreamed. That means in a regular category. However, some may still necessitate aid in one signifier or another Therefore, to help you in educating the particular demands child you may be working with a specializer in your schoolroom. This will change from a Teacher ‘s Assistant with an associates degree, to a PhD expert in ESE. It may be person who marks for a deaf pupil, a â€Å" shadow † , or a instructor who specializes in working with pupils with physical disablements. Regardless of their grade, or specialisation, they will be at that place to assist your pupil ( s ) win. In your early yearss of school new instructors should seek out whoever they will be working with and Find out who they are with whom they will be working. If it is a physically handicapped pupil, possibly they may necessitate the kid ‘s desk near to the door. Ask them if they have the pupils Education Plan, a papers saying the adjustments that must be met for the pupil ( See Chapter 7 ) . Possibly a desk with the chair attached will non be suited and you will necessitate to happen 1 with the degage chair. They may necessitate to be seated by the door or near the forepart of the room. Possibly the specializer would appreciate a chair placed near the pupil ( s ) so they may sit and work with them closely. Not merely will the specialist appreciate your premeditation, it will salvage you from scrambling to supply appropriate adjustments for one pupil while 28 others look on. A word to the wise, in-between schoolers do non look on for long -if there ‘s non something traveling on specifically prosecuting them, they will make it. Make everything you can including doing certain all your pupils are suitably accommodated get downing the really first twenty-four hours.GuidanceMiddle School Guidance counsellors ‘ duties vary from territory to territory and school to school. But in a nutshell, they have the distinguishable challenge of moving as a confident and adviser to an age group of persons who are turning faster physically, emotionally and hormonally than any other clip in their lives. They see more play in their offices so Cecil B. DeMille would if he directed Days of Our Lifes. The act as go-betweens, bash interventionists, societal workers, and the list goes on and on. Guidance will back up a schoolroom instructor in many ways. Among the most of import of those functions are maintaining instructors up to rush on those pupils who may be confronting challenges that affect their faculty members or schoolroom behaviour and as a affair in parent/teacher conferences. Guidance counsellors are up on the societal and educational services that are offered for the kids in your county and frequently will mention those pupils in demand. They can help in showing teacher ‘s concerns to parents including anything from inordinate absences to miss of prep completion to marks of depression. Guidance counsellors must document all interactions with pupils and parents. Staying on top of your day-to-day paperwork will help them. For illustration, if a pupil is losing more than the mean yearss of school, and the instructor is non keep accurate attending records, the undertaking of reaching and look intoing the issue becomes more clip consuming as the counsellor will hold head out in chase of the information she should already hold on her desk.Media SpecialistWhat was one time known as the library is now the Media Center. It is non merely filled with books, but computing machines and other digital equipment. The media specializer is the gate keeper to all of these valuable educational dainties. These yearss some instructors seem to bury it ‘s still a library. The media centre is for research, look intoing out books, computing machine proving if terminuss are non available in the instructor ‘s schoolroom. It is non a pupil dumping land. Teachers need to happen out from the Media Specialist how many pupils is acceptable to direct at one clip. Possibly the media specializer would wish If pupils have non already learned how to act in a media centre they need to larn now. It is a topographic point for concentration and pupils who concentration should non be running about, drop the balling off and speaking aloud. Although simple school is the clip for pupils to larn what a â€Å" library † voice is, instructors may hold to remind them in the early yearss of school, before they attend the media either separately or as a category. If you feel your pupils need aid in farther understanding the media centre and its map, most media specializers are happy to assist. Keep in head that instructors are in responsible for the pupils in their category whether they are physically in the schoolroom or non. It is of import to be certain that pupils are monitered at all times. A media centre visit is non clip to cram up on one ‘s reading.Information Technology Advisor i.e. the I.T. GuyThe sum of digital engineering in your school is equal to the sum of financess your territory is willing to set into it. However, all schools today have engineering of some kind or another and there is normally an IT individual who can assist you out with everything from serious clangs to simple watchword losingss. A in-between school may hold a full clip IT individual, a portion clip individual who covers more than one school or it may be another instructor who has an added stipend and an excess planning period to acquire the occupation done. Regardless, the IT individual normally has to be in more than one topographic point at a clip. Making certain that the IT guy merely gets called when perfectly necessary. There is nil more maddening for a in-between school IT cat to hold to take clip out of his twenty-four hours to travel to your schoolroom for a crashed computing machine, merely to happen it is non plugged in. If instructors are non familiar with the rudimentss of computing machine hookups and the package they ‘ll be utilizing than they need to larn. If instructors use the media centre cat for every blip or bleep, they may be put on the underside of the IT guys list when there ‘s a true digital exigency.Support StaffIn Florida schools fillip dollars, otherwise known as A+ money, is awarded to schools who perform good on standardised testing. How the financess are distributed is voted on by staff. If, by a certain day of the month an understanding can non be met, the full sum goes to the instructors. It i s unfortunate, but it happens that in some Florida schools the instructors will, or many would wish to acquire the full sum. Rationales are based chiefly around â€Å" we did all the work † . Even books and web sites on learning seldom see support staff. If you want to cognize merely how of import they are to you, merely take a expression around your schoolroom. Person made certain it was clean. Person made certain your pupils had adequate desks and moved them in the schoolroom for you. Someone made certain you had keys to your room. Person has entered the information from your W2 signifier into the territory paysheet section ‘s leger. Person is keeping the parents at bay at the forepart desk so you can fix your schoolroom before acquiring stampeded with inquiries and concerns for their kid ‘s new instructor. Particularly if you are learning 6th grade.. Person made certain you received the right category rolls with your pupils on it and non person else ‘s. Person made certain you received a transcript of the module enchiridion so you do non do a complete ninkumpoop out of yourself at the following meeting. Person made certain that you are entered in the territories list of planetary e-mail references, some is requisitioning for the supplies you need. There list goes on and this is merely in the first hebdomad of school before the pupils have even arrived. Teaching is non a solo gig. However, because our occupation is frequently rather disputing we overlook the burden of others and make non give the sort of acknowledgment our support staff so frequently deserves. The persons we work with exterior of the schoolroom are frequently the power behind our success in the category and a simple hullo, smiling or even some rings goes a long manner. At the really least, do your petitions polite. Even you think you are underpaid. Try working for the school board as support staff. A valuable life lesson can be learned here. Sometimes, life is non about what we can acquire out of it but we can give.Front Office StaffOn some yearss the front counter is more competently described as the forepart lines. At any typical minute during the school twenty-four hours there phones are pealing, instructors are bombinating for attending on the intercom, replacements are waiting to see where they need to travel following, while parents are impatiently glowering. In many in-between schools the school nurse has been done off with and the front office clerks besides have the duty of moving as exigency medical techs. They are frequently charged with acquiring work orders for fixs and other petitions to the territory and seeing that they are addressed in a clip manner. Timely manner: if your warmer blows in the center of the winter, convey your windbreaker. Most territories move harmonizing to the slow and steady wins the race regulation. As front office staff are frequently the spell between the instructor and the territory in these affairs they frequently get blasted from both corners. Making reciprocally positive feelings with the individual at the forepart desk is comparatively simple. As you will larn how to efficaciously pull off your schoolroom in Chapter 5, naming to the front office to hold boisterous pupils removed by decision makers will be peculiarly unusual. Therefore, if you do hold a affair that needs to be addressed and it can wait, make non bombinate the front office. Send an electronic mail or note with a pupil so they can turn to your concern when they have put out the fires and the golds are down to a little freshness. A simple smiling and pleasant good forenoon when enter your school each twenty-four hours will be more of aid than you think. Like with all other persons, thoughtful kindnesses such as picking up a java bar when you do your food market shopping for the secretarial staff to bask or a thank you note for acquiring the territory to repair your air conditioning before the following millenary will travel a long manner.BookkeeperThe bookkeeper in your in-between school is your new best friend. The records of every cent you spend or receive will travel through her office. Whether it be requisitioning for schoolroom supplies or turning in gathered field trip financess, bookkeepers own the ploy of duty for keep accurate records on school fundss. They are in charge of histories receivable, histories collectible and may be in charge of come ining your paysheet. She is the debt aggregator for parental bounced cheques and comptroller for all your school ‘s organisations, nines and athletics squads. To do a bookkeepers life a small easier, make certain she has your accurate contact information and all your signifiers are right filled out. Often bookkeepers will hold their policy for subjecting financess such as monies collected in the module enchiridion. Salvage her erstwhile holding to explicate the school ‘s clerking processs and yourself some embarrassment after doing a error by reading up your schools bookkeeping policies and processs.Data Entry/Attendance ClerkBy and large, schools hire a information entry clerk who besides deals with the day-to-day attending record maintaining. These clerks are in charge of maintaining path of pupil information. Each twenty-four hours they track pupil enrollment and attending records and maintain the territory apprised of pupil approachs and departures. There is one good known favored peeve of informations entry clerks. That is some instructors do no maintain accurate attending records. Attedance records are legal paperss and instruc tors are required to maintain them. . Inaccurate attending makes life more hard and clip devouring for her and will intend holding to reply to disquieted parents who are looking for kids non accurately accounted for, calls from the territory questioning as to why a pupil attended merely one of his categories for during the two hebdomads he was out with pneumonia. Make attending a precedence and remain off of the attending clerk ‘s radio detection and ranging. Often this means she will hold to reply to a disquieted parentCustodiansLike other in-between school sections there is normally a caput keeper to take the crew. Custodians are charged with everything from cut downing the lawn to maintaining the bathroom healthful. Obviously, their undertaking is non ever a pleasant 1. They appreciate the persons that make their lives a little easier. After each category take a minute to before the bell to do certain all stuffs are put off and books are off the floor. Ever tried hoovering the house when the household, or Canis familiaris has left their properties all over the floor? This may sound little but it can non be imparted enough that it is the small thoughtful kindnesses that will do others esteem you and your schoolroom.Bus DriversPeoples who are stopped at visible radiations next to a coach driver during her afternoon conveyance of about 50 restless, hormonal and emotional in-between school pupils. Then you know there is a particular topographic point for them in Eden. Guidance counsellors are exposed to extreme daytime play, coach drivers are exposed to extreme wrestling passion. Somehow they have to safely transport a coach burden of clamouring cacophonious pupils while forestalling name naming, paper throwing and the occasional hassle. Fun. However, b ecause they are so separate from the day-to-day in school modus operandi, they are frequently seldom thought of and the least thanked. There should be a thank the coach driver twenty-four hours. One thought for in-between school instructors to allow coach drivers know they appreciate what they do is to learn the pupils grasp. Have a Bus driver grasp twenty-four hours. Language arts instructors encourage pupils write simple thank you notes, poems or do cards. Students in Life ( used to be Home Ec ) can bake cookies. You could set Bus Driver Appreciate Day in the school newssheet and have parents fall in in directing their kid. Imagine the coach driver traveling to a halt or two where kids surprise them with a little gift. Brightening the yearss of any support staff member at a in-between school brightens the ambiance of the school itself. Remember when sing the persons you work with and sometimes depend on that they excessively did non acquire into instruction for the for the estate they will be able to get with their paysheet. There is merely little pecuniary thanks for the colossal occupations each and every school employee does. It is hence of import for everyone ‘s moral to stay grateful to each other.Chapter 3 Making a Classroom Conducive to LearningYour schoolroom is your ain small learning metropolis and every bit long as you are in conformity with the territory, you will make up one's mind how it is run. Taking the excess clip to make and form a comfy ambiance for you and your pupils will necessitate efficient record maintaining and cheerily set uping and planing your milieus. This chapter will assist you happen the stuffs you need to successfully finish this mission, give

IT project for Banking and Finance

This paper seeks to chronicle the history of information technology in finance from its infancy to the modern era with special attention place on the Caribbean experience. The paper therefore presents a summary of major (IT-based) innovations and an analytical framework with which to Structure an historical review Of how Information Technology innovations were adopted in the financial services sector and their impact.The early history of Information technology globally First wave From as early as 1846 the financial sector has been using Information Technology (IT), the history traces back to financial markets when the eelgrass was used to reduced stock price differentials between New York and regional stock markets. Information technology was later employed in 1866 with the transatlantic cable equally enabled greater integration of securities trading in New York and London (B;tic-Lazy, Wood 2002).Further integration took place as the completion Of the transatlantic cable reduced the time delay to execute a trade in New York, which had been initiated in London from six weeks to only one day. These early innovations were accompanied by statistically significant evidence that the introduction of primitive forms of telecommunication substantially educing or even eliminated foreign exchange and security price differentials between geographically distinct markets, (B;tic-Lazy, Wood 2002). Hence at that time information technology' reduced interest rate risk and operational risk for the institutions.In addition greater use of telegraph or telephone facilities also resulted in price related information becoming homogeneous by linking the head office with branches in different domestic and international locations or by providing dealers and banks with the same price information in a timely manner. Second wave A second wave of Information Technology innovation in retail finance began n the late asses with the introduction of computers. This introduction allowed instituti ons to keep up with growth in business volume while, at the same time, solve very specific problems and automate existing practices of specific departments.This resulted in the branch network quickly turning into the main point of contact with retail customers. A process-directed automation thrust dominated the specific application period and aimed at undercutting the cost of administrative tasks such as the labor-intensive cheese clearing systems. Computer applications were therefore concentrated n back-office operations (Morris, 1986), this was because it was felt that controlling a growing mountain of paperwork provided the potential for economies of scale at that time.As the benefits previously mention became apparent the incentive to automate at the individual branch bank level and to improve market-wide processes became greater. Technology further helped developed banks and took on the challenge of reducing cost and expanding their level of customer service and efficiency. In 1967 Barclay Bank (ELK) introduced the first Automated Teller Machine (ATM) in the world (Barclay, 1982) while IBM introduced the magnetic stripe plastic cards in 1969. These two innovations marked the birth of electronic banking.The chart of Figure IA on the following page shows this information. Use of Technology in the Organization, 1845-1995 (Figure IA) Impact on the Provision of Retail Finance Early Adoption Specific Application Emergence (1846-1945) (1945-1968) (1968-1980) Innovation in Reduction in Conversion from Growth of cross Service Offering inter-market price bank relationships. ATM introduced. Guaranty Automated bank statements. Operational border payment. Increased branch to Differentials. Cheese Automation of branch Functional cards.Reduce cost of coordination labor intensive head clearing system). Branches accounting. Innovation office and between n activities (I. E. Real time control begins. (Sources: Morris (1986) and Squint;s (1991)) In a nutshell, technological changes have spread throughout many internal aspects of the banking organization. During this period the convergence of telecommunications and computer power resulted in true Information Technology applications as the emphasis of technological innovations shifted from data processing to communications.The Evolution stage Electronic banking is an umbrella term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-and- mortar institution. This form of banking became popular in the early ass it was facilitated by banks mailing their customers a floppy disk with software that the customer could install onto their PC and accessing their accounts from the privacy of their homes. ( Canasta Research on 07/02/2013). Initially this service was for a fee.Then in the mid ass a big leap occurred with banks setting up websites for consumers to access both product and contact information. Within a few years after internet banking functionality was launched, this made the process of doing your banking online easy and accessible to everyone. This form Of banking has emerged as an option to customers and was offered by Caribbean banks as well. The major benefit according to one survey is an estimated cost providing that the routine business of a full service branch in the USA is $1. 7 per transaction, as compared to 54 cents for telephone banking, 27 cents for ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) banking and 1. 5 cents for Internet banking (Nathan 1999; Pun et al. , 2002). However it is unclear whether cost savings ill be the primary benefit derived from the adoption of e-banking systems, as any cost reductions achieved may not be a source of sustained competitive advantage for individual commercial banks.Cost savings using e-banking techniques are generally easily replicated by competitors. Secondly, cost savings are also accompanied by reduced entry barriers or increased market transparency leading to a further intensification of competition, ( Belgrade, Paris and ward, 2005 Key technological changes in retail finance Year Name Characteristics Contribution 1979-1985 Telephone Branches retail Multi-channel distribution systemBanking UK, US intermediaries for banks base on an integrated customer account and information system ( Figure B) 1988-1996 Monde Cards (I-j) Debit card with re-writable Facilitate small value retail transactions micro chip with the potential to substitute central bank issued notes and coins 1989-1998 Digit cash (ML) Electronic only medium of Payment system and products that depend exchange and unit of account exclusively on only high-speed communication done through computers 1995-2001 Security First First intermediary working Technologies open new opportunities for Network Bank (US) through the internet. Ink growth and offer managers of banks possibilities to achieve high organizational flexibility Source (B;tic-Lazy, Wood 2002) The Barbados Experience Improvements In Barbados all ba nking institutions and major credit unions offer the most basic forms of e-banking. There is a well connected network of automatic teller machines (Atoms), telephone banking, debit cards, and electronic funds transfers (OFT). The majority of the ATM use in Barbados came about as a cost savings measure. Consequently, ATM banking has become the most popular form of electronic banking in Barbados, with even some non-bank entities costing similar services.However, the graduation to the next level of e- banking, Internet banking has been sluggish. According to ( Belgrade, Paris and Ward, 2005 ) the lack of advancement is for a number of reasons, one most obvious is a divide between customers who wish to use the technology and those who simply prefer traditional banking methods. However the increase in efficient by Automated Teller Machines can been seen in the graph below figure B Observation of Traditional and ATM banking: A Busy Day (No. F Customers per 30 Minute Intervals) Bank I 8 36 ATM I 10 90 15 Source: pa iris (2001 ) Traditional (Teller) A 5 c Within the back office operations of the institutions they have been major improvements across the banking sector, with the use (ARTS) Real Time Gross Settlement and, (ACH) Automatic Clearing House with increase capacity to process transactions. With regards to information systems Finance Core banking system is one of the information systems use as a customer management information system.The use of this system has allowed institutions to capture customer information which can then be used for the modeling of products to specific target markets base on the habits of the institutions clientele and overall profile. In accordance with the know-your- customer guild lines some Transactions Processing Systems such as Finance are even able to go a step further and record personal life events such as weddings, anniversaries and future plans of younger children and other personal information. Which all assist in the construct ion of products and services that will meet customer's needs at every stage of their life.Hence the (T AS) is used as a strategic management information system in some institutions. In addition to cost savings and increase capacity (IT) has brought about payment innovations such as Sure-pay in Barbados. Sure-pay is a payment undying service that allows customers to pay an array of their bills in one location. The company Sure-Pay began its service just offering basic utility payments, and eventually evolve into a well recognize efficient entity which at one time even offered a payment service for tickets for former airline Red Jet and has now expanded to Trinidad & Tobago.Risk The issue of capital flight and money laundering are real concerns that will surface with Internet-Banking, also the ability and cost of regulating this form of banking. This is especially so in an small open economy with a fixed exchange rate such as Barbados. For example if capital is allowed to leave at an rapid unregulated rate this could place pressure on the central bank's reserves which can have a negative effect on the exchange rate and cause the parity of the dollar to be threatened, especially in cases where settlement of the transaction will be require in foreign currency.With respect to money laundering if we look at Internet-Banking it is unique because it offers the user anonymity, rapid transactions speed and wide geographic availability. For those reasons the issue of depositing and withdrawing money in and out of the system is extremely important because t is easy for layering to occur. Encryption technology, fire walls and the use of digital signatures are extremely vital verification tools and should be standard operating procedure with this evolving technology.An added defense in breaches or affiliated criminal activities is that banks should adhere to the commonly cited know-your-customer guidelines. If properly implemented, within an effective operational and regula tory framework, such guidelines should prove pivotal in preventing these kinds of crimes. Future expectations The future of Information Technology and the financial service industry will only be limited by the imagination of those who use the technology, or the regulators who need to keep abreast of how new technologies will permit circumvention of the law.

The Scarlet Letter Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays

The Scarlet Letter Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, delivers a powerful novel invoked with symbolism. Centered on Hester, a woman branded with a scarlet A as a mark for adultery, much of the Scarlet Letters symbolism grows from the cruel, and shameful letter. The A symbolizes the walking emblem of shame. (Hawthorne 6). Throughout the novel, the brand of disgust evolves around the characters influenced by Hester, including her illegitimate child Pearl. Even Pearl is subject to the shame her mother has bore, and is also shunned from the strict Puritan society. The close of the novel reveals that the symbol has given Hester strength to redeem her sin, rather then brake her spirits. The adulterous mark is almost replaced by the community as able due to Hesters deeds to the community. Scarlet Letter also uses nature's flowers as a way to symbolize growth in the novel. The opening chapter describes a rosebush growing by the prison. It shows how even a beautiful flower like the rose can be judged as sacrificial, with its petals near the jail. This relates to Hester, as her beautiful character is judged by sin, not by actions. Later in the novel, Chillingworth, Hesters husband, expresses to let the black flower blossom as it may. (Hawthorne 14). This reoccurrence of the flower shows how Chillingworth accepts his tortuous soul. The flower's bloom is a direct symbol for the growth of character in Scarlet Letter. Clothing is a final source Hawthorne uses to symbolize. In chapter 7, Pearl is dressed in a red gown, with gold trim. The dress of Pearl is almost identical to the brand Hester must endure, with her scarlet brand. Chillington is dressed in black, which gives an insight into his sinister character, as revealed in chapter 14. Also, the use of bright color, like red, and gold expresses how different Hester and Pearl are viewed by the Puritan society, which mainly dresses in plain, emotionless colors. The brand of sin is reflected in all the aspects of Hesters life, which show how clothing in Scarlet Letter drastically reflects situation, and character. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter gives a tremendous impression on the reader, filled with oppression, and historical opinion of the Puritans. Unfortunately, as the novel appears to mirror reality, situations in the storyline leave the reader skeptical about the actual ability to perform these actions. Hesters sudden removal of the scarlet brand bestowed upon her seems very unrealistic, considering it took seven years to remove it so quickly, and carefree. It almost makes the symbol of the scarlet letter obsolete at the end of the chapter 18, leaving insinuation that the letter did not have as much influence as formerly expressed. The Scarlet Letter also confuses the reader during chapters after 20. The final pages of the novel give a completely different perspective. Generally focused on the main characters, during chapter 21, and 22, the market gives a more broad insight into the community. While it makes for interesting reading, the sudden change of perspective leaves the reader strayed from the main characters, like Hester, and Pearl. The Scarlet Letter is a very intriguing novel, for anyone looking to find a tale of Puritan life, and the harsh reality of the times. Overall, the Scarlet Letter delivers an exciting, and interesting view for all readers.

Myth and Misconception

Myth and Misconception Myth and Misconception Myth and Misconception By Maeve Maddox Phil Dragonetti writes: One of the things that bug me about English usage is the use of acute word instead of the proper word. One such cute word is myth[which] many use †¦ instead of the word misunderstanding or misconception I received this comment while I was writing a post for my teaching site. The headline Id given my article was The Myth of Make-up Work. Phils comment challenged me to see if I could come up with something else that would convey the same meaning. I changed it to No Such Thing as Make-up Work. The OED gives two general definitions of myth: myth: 1. A traditional story, typically involving supernatural beings or forces, which embodies and provides an explanation, aetiology, or justification for something such as the early history of a society, a religious belief or ritual, or a natural phenomenon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. A widespread but untrue or erroneous story or belief; a widely held misconception; a misrepresentation of the truth. Also: something existing only in myth; a fictitious or imaginary person or thing. Headline writers are not likely to abandon the use of such a useful word as myth: its short, it alliterates with a lot of common words, and it conveys a sense of something that is not true. This use of myth does seem to be applied to just about anything and everything: 10 Big Myths about copyright explained Ten Myths About Affirmative Action Top 10 Myths About Thanksgiving The Myth of Mental Illness The Myth of Alzheimers: What You Arent Being Told James Webb: Diversity and the Myth of White Privilege All About Digital Photos The Myth of DPI Myths about Pregnancy Myths about Aging Myths about Alcohol When Joseph Campbell called his book The Power of Myth, he wasnt thinking of untrue or erroneous beliefs. He was thinking of universal spiritual truths that shape our lives. Maybe it would make sense to lighten up on the use of myth as a synonym for mere error. Heres a selection of other words and terms that convey the sense of something that is not true, or not completely true: deceit deception delusion error fabrication false notion falsehood fiction flaw half truth illusion inconsistency invention lie misapprehension misconception mistake untruth   Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowThat vs. WhichHow to Treat Names of Groups and Organizations

Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Course work - Essay Example Also education was meant for them as they would be required to read the Bible and scriptures. The role of the village clergy was to oversee the spiritual life of his people on the medieval manor. It was the village priest who represented the Church for the medieval men and women. (Kreis, 2006) The church had the backing of the people as they were considered the spiritual people who god had chosen for the spreading of his teachings. This put a great responsibility on the Church as they held much influence over the people. But they held all control over education as it was not open for all. Therefore most of the inventions of the time, such as the printing press, were developed by the priesthood. The concept of proper land management was also introduced by them improving the quality and efficiency of the land production. But around the 12th century the people began to notice an increased change in the lifestyles of the priests. They were moving towards a worldlier lifestyle living their lives like the aristocracy. This negative feeling built up and led eventually to the Protestant Reformation. Other notable movements were those of the Franciscans, Waldensians, Poor Clares and Dominicans. (Sherman & Salisbury, 2006) These events were considered important as they showed that people wanted the church to reform itself and to be more religious in nature then it was. The people wanted to prevent the Church from deterioration and were willing to bring about change in the system. Aside from the worldly nature of the Church the main reason for dissent among the people was the Church's desire for more money. They began offering indulgences which did not suit the people as they saw the rich buying their way to paradise rather than leading a good pure life for it. The church's own attitude towards the people became more aloof as they concentrated their attention on the wealthy and were found to be serving under nobles and other feudal lords due to their education. The church would preach in Latin and since not many people knew the language they had to rely on the church for communing with god whereas they themselves couldn't. The inquisition was the straw that broke the camels back as the church now began prosecuting the people. This led to much dissatisfaction and when Martin Luther introduced the Protestant Reformation where he stressed on the actions of the people gaining them access to paradise rather then them buying it, people embraced it in multitudes. (D olan & Hubert, 1980) 2. Review the Crusades. Why did the crusaders go to the Holy Land, and what did they accomplish The crusades were initiated by an emotional speech done by Pope Urban II in 1095 which began the 200 hundred year lasting crusades. He moved the nobility to take back the Holy lands, to redeem themselves in the eyes of god by clearing themselves of their sins, and for the common people to become the soldiers of god. This speech was so potent that by the end of it the people were willing to lay down their lives for the Church and to go forth into battle against the heathens who had control over the Holy Lands. (Schreck, 2003) The crusades religious reasons were to reclaim the land from the Muslim invaders, secondly to repair the rift between the Roman and Orthodox Christianity since the Schism of 1054. The